LentiMorpho: A Lens Array Based Display with Switchable View-Dependent and View-Independent Modes by Varying Liquid Volume

View-dependent displays can present different visual information depending on the viewing position. These displays have been studied for applications including stereoscopic imagery and personalized presentation. However, placing optical elements such as lenses in front of the display inevitably introduces trade-offs with respect to the original display’s resolution, brightness, and effective display area. These limitations remain even when a view-independent presentation is required, making it difficult to flexibly adapt a single display device to different usage scenarios. We present LentiMorpho, a lens-array-based display that can dynamically switch between view-dependent and view-independent presentation by varying liquid volume. By immersing glass beads arranged in a honeycomb structure into a liquid with a matched refractive index, the optical function of the lens array can be physically enabled or disabled. This approach allows a single display to alternate between high-quality shared presentation and viewpoint-specific content delivery without permanent optical trade-offs. To evaluate our method, we captured images using a stereo camera within the designed viewing zone during view-dependent display. The results showed that the similarity between the images corresponding to the left and right eyes exceeded 90 %, indicating stable binocular consistency. The leakage of image components intended for other viewpoints, referred to as crosstalk between view-specific images, was approximately 15 % on average, showing that view-dependent content was predominantly separated by viewing position. These results demonstrate that LentiMorpho enables a single display to switch its images flexibly between shared and individualized visual presentation, providing a new interaction capability for multi-user display environments.